Steam-generator



3 SheetsSheet 1.

(No Mom.)

J. WATERS.

STEAM GENERATOR.

Patented May 10, 1887.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. WATERS.

STEAM GENERATOR.

(No Model.)

No; 362,558. Patented Ma 10, 1887.

N. ravens. PhotuLilhognpherv wmm wn. v.0

(No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. WATERS.

STEAM GENERATOR.

Patented May 10, 1887.

N. PETERS. Plwl0-LKhngmphen Wnshinglun. D. C,

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES NVATERS, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 362,558, dated May 10,1887. Application filed February 26, 1886. Serial No. 193.371}. (Nomodel.) i

To all whom it may concern- Be it known that'I, JAMES WATERS, a citizenof the United States, and a resident of Minneapolis, in the county ofHennepinand State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Steam Generators and Methods of Utilizing the Heat andSteam Generated Therein, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to steam-generators and the method of utilizingthesteam and heat generated therein, as hereinafter shown and described,and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is asectional side elevation of the boiler-plant and an "outline detail ofthe system of engines, pumps, and condensers used in connectiontherewith. Fig. 2 is a plan view in section on the line a: a: of Fig. 1of the boiler-plant. Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the upper part of,the boiler-plant on the line 3 y of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a plan view of thesecondary boiler on the line .2 z of Fig. 1. Figs. 5 and 6 are sectionalside elevations of the .boilerplant-,illustrating modificationsin itsconstruction.

of that kind of boiler which has flues extending through it endwise,such as is shown in Fig. 4. Thisboiler is set in a brick-work arch, B,and with the furnace B beneath i,t,arranged in the ordinary manner. Thisboiler has circulatingtubcs a on its sides, and a globular circulating-drum, b, suspended beneath it, while it is connected at its upper endto a superheating-drum, O, by a large tube, 0, this latter drum beingsupported at its ends above the boiler A by the brickwork B in a closedchamber, B, as shown.

D represents another boiler similar to the boiler A,and supported in anupright position in the brick-work B, and with its upper end connectedby a tube, 0*, to a superheatingdrum, 0, lying alongside the drum 0 inthe chamber B, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

The lower ends of the flues in the boiler D (shown in Fig. 4) open downinto a flue, B, leading into the smoke-stack E.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the boilers A D are shown embedded into thebrickwork B, so that all products of combustion pass through the smallerdues in the boiler; but the boiler may be arranged, as shown in Figs. 4and 6, with a space, 9, between their shells and the A represents anupright boiler, preferably brick-work B for the passage of a portion ofthe products of combustion, or, as in Fig. 5, with a water-leg, Asurrounding the main shell A, and between which and the main shell aportion of the products of combustion pass. By this means the heated'airflame, gases, 820., come in contact with the boiler on all sides,thereby greatly increasingthe heating-surface. By this arrangementthe'hot air, smoke, and

other products of combustion pass upward through the flues in the boilerA, through the chamber 13*, where it envelops the drums O 0 thencedownward through the fines of the boiler D into the flue B, and thenceout through the smoke-stack E, as in Fig. 1, or upward through andaround the boiler A, and down through and around the boiler D, as inFigs. 5 and 6.

The feed-water is supplied to the lower part of the boiler D, as shownat a, from the condenser F by a pump, G, or from a feed-water heater,where no condenser is used. The feedwater,being supplied at the farthestpoint from the furnace, will not influence the heat of the products ofcombustion until after they have passed through the boilers and anopportunity has been given for the extraction of the heat. The waterwill generally be kept standing in both the boilers A D at about thesame height, as indicated .by the dotted line (marked water-line) inFigs. 1, 5, and 6; but the waterline in the two boilers need notnecessarily be kept at the same height, as they are entirely independentand distinct.

H represents a pump connected to the boiler D, just below itswater-line, by a pipe, H and the boiler A by a pipe, H near the bottomof the latter, so that the water may be taken from the boiler D at thepoint of its greatest heatthat is, as near as possible to the top of thewater-line-and discharged into the boiler A at a point far enoughremoved from its steam-chamber to not affect the steam. By thisarrangementof the boilers I extract from the fuel and the products ofcombustion almost all the heat, and transmit'it into the water in theboilers before the air, smoke, and other products of combustion reachthe flue 13* and smoke-stack E; hence a great economy of fuel resultsand no waste heat is discharged a constantly-cooling surface, as the airwill give up its heat much more freely while thus passing through thedecreasing temperature.

Another point to be noted is that the heated products of combustion passfrom the hottest toward the coldest part of the boiler D, (i. 0., fromthe boiler A to the lower end of the boiler D, where the comparativelycool feedwater is fed to the boilers;) hence the temperature of theproducts of combustion is gradually reduced and the heat-therefromtransmitted into the water just where it will accomplish the greatestbenefit, the greatest amount of the heat being transmitted into theboiler A. In other words, the flame, smoke, hot gases, and otherproducts of combustion, in their course through the boiler D, arecontinuously coming in contact with water of a eonstantly-decreasingtemperature; hence the heat is extracted continuously, whereas inboilers as ordinarily constructed the heated air, in passing from onepart of the boilers to.

the other, passes through long sections of the boiler heated to auniform temperature, the sections decreasingin temperature toward thesmoke-stack or other exit. By this means none of the energy of the heatis wasted in raising the temperature, but, on the contrary, all theenergy is utilized to heat the water in the boilers and evaporate itinto steam as the products of combustion, as before stated, are comingin contact with a medium of a constantly-decreasing temperature in theirprogress through the boiler D.

The steam, as it is generated in the boiler A, will rise and fill thedrum G, in which it .will be superheated, and from this drum the steamwill be conducted to the engine by a pipe, M.

The steam generated in the boiler D will rise into the drum Cf, where itwill also be superheated, but will not be raised to so high atemperature or expanded to produce so great a degree of pressure as inthe drum 0, as the heat coming in contact with the boiler D is not sogreat as that coming in contact with the boiler A, having given up aportion of its heat in passing through the boiler A and chamber B Withan ordinary arrangement of the plant, in which the boiler A is aboutfourteen feet long and with a forty-eight-ineh shell, the pressure inthe boiler Awill be raised to about one hundred and twenty pounds and inthe boiler D to about ten pounds; butthcse pressures may be varied asrequired.

An important advantage obtained by the manner shown of constructing theboilers is that no unequal strains occur when first getting up steam, asthe heat comes in contact with all sides equally. Consequently all partswill be expanded alike. Another important advantage gained by thisarrangement is that the boiler D serves as a precipitator of thesediment in the feed-water, as well as aheater for the feed-water.

I have shown in the drawings a system of engines, pumps, and condensersconnected to the boiler-plant to illustrate one method of economicallyutilizing the steam generated therein.

Engines-embodying the compound principle can best be used in connectionwith this system of generators, although ordinary single engines canalso be used.

N N N represent three steam-cylinders with one single piston-rod, N,common to all, and each cylinder provided with its own set ofsteam-chests d. I have shown merely the three cylinders and theirsteam-chests, and have not shown the cranks, connecting-rods, slides,&c., as the parts shown are sufficient to illustrate the invention. Thecylinder N is smaller in its bore than the cylinder N and the cylinder Nis smaller in its bore than the cylinder N, being proportioned accordingto the pressure of the steam which is supplied to them. The cylinder Nreceives its steam direct from the drum 0 through the pipe M, andexhausts through a pipe, M, into the steam-chest d of the cylinder N andis thus utilized on the compound principle to operate in the cylinderN*. If the initial steam-pressure in the cylinder N be about one hundredand twenty pounds, the initial pressure in the eylinderN will be aboutfortyeight pounds; hence the exhaust from the cylinder N can be readilyforced into the boiler D through a pipe, M", above its water line, asthe terminal pressure therein will be about the same as in boiler Dafter being expanded in cylinder N The cylinder N is supplied with steamfrom the drum C by a pipe, M, as shown, and exhausts into the condenserF, the vacuum created thereby in the cylinder N increasing thepower ofthe engine.

If only the two cylinders N N should be used, then the exhaust from Nwould be dis charged into the boiler D and the exhaust from the secondcylinder, N", would be conveyed into the condenser F, as will be readilyunderstood. By this arrangement the steam is used very economically, andvery little waste of heat or steam occurs, the heat being extracted fromthe fuel and products of combustion before it reaches the exit-flue E,and the steam used over and over again and util ized aslongasitpossessesanypower or energy. The extraction of the heat from the products ofcombustion to so nearly an absolute degree renders it necessary to usean artificial draft to carry off the air, smoke, gases, &c., as the airand gases by the time they reach the stack E have so little heat left inthem that they will not rise in the stack of themselves.

I have shown in the drawings a blast-nozzle, T, beneath the grate B toillustrate the fact that an artificial draft will be generally used. Anysuitable form of fan, air-pump, or other power may be employed toproduce this artificial draft.

The fan or other draftproducing power may be placed in the flue B, orstack E, if preferred. By this arrangement of the boilerplant the steamis superheated in the drum G before going to the first cylinder, N, sothat it will do its work without loss by condensation, and there, afteruse in the cylinder N exhausted into the boiler D, where it is againsuperheated in the drum so that it will do its work in the cylinder Nwithout loss by condensation. This superheating can be regulated by theheight of the water in the boilers.

The secondary boiler D serves the fourfold purpose of a feedwaterheater, precipitator for the main boiler A, and a reheater and receiverfor the exhaust-steam from the first or second cylinders, and as anindependent generator for direct steam-supply for the second or thirdcylinders, and performing all of these functions at the same time.

Another advantage of the secondary boiler D is that it receives theexhaust-steam from the first cylinder, or the first and secondcylinders, reheats it, and returns it to the second or third cylinder,with the addition of what steam is generated within itself. Stillanother advantage gained by this arrangement of the boilers in separateand distinct relations is that by carrying steam in boiler A at aboutone hundred and twenty pounds pressure the temperature in A would beabout 345, and by carrying steam in boiler D at about ten poundspressure its temperature would be about 241, or 104 less than in boilerA; hence the flame, smoke, hot gases, and other products of combustion,in passing from and around the boiler A,will pass directly into andaround the boiler D and into contact with a greatly-reducedtemperature,which will cause the heat to be transmitted into the waterin the boiler D very rapidly. By this construction and arrangement theheat is utilized in a double sense by being passed from a high-pressureboiler, after expending sufficient of its force to create steam thereinfor a high -pressure engine, through and around another boiler, in whichit is utilized to create steam for a low-pressure engine.

In Figs. and-,6 I have shown some modifications of the construction,consisting in forming a conical water-leg, A around the furnace andconnecting it with the main boiler by a large circulating-tube, A InFig. 5 the water-leg A is carried up around the boiler A, leaving aspace, 9, for the passage of a portion of the flame, smoke, heatedgases, and other products of combustion, so that the boiler A isentirely surrounded by them. The waterleg is also shown forming theouter walls of the chamber B this being the form which will generally beemployed when used as a marine boiler. In Fig. 6 the water-leg A extendsabout even with the lower edge of the. boiler A, and is connected to theboiler by circulating-tubes A in addition to the tube A In this lattermodification the brick-work-B is shown formed with the space g betweenit and the boilers A D, so that the flame, smoke, heated gases, andother products of combustion can come in contact with all parts of theboilers.

Another slight modification is shown in Fig. 6, consisting informing-the drums C O in the same line horizontally, instead of side byside, as in Figs. 2 and 3.

The functions and mode of operation of the parts are substantially thesame in all the modifications.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is,.-

1. The combination of two upright boilers,

boiler, A, through which the flame and other products of combustion passin an upward direction, a secondary boiler, D, distinct from 'andindependent of said main boiler, through and around which the flame andother products of combustion pass in a downward direct-ion after passingupward through the said main boiler, chamber B above both of saidboilers, drum 0, connected to said boiler A by tube G", and drum 0,connected to said boiler D by tube (1*, both of said drums beingsuspended in said chamber B, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

3. In a steam generator, a main upright boiler, A, through which theflame and other products of combustion pass in an upward direction, asecondary upright boiler, D, distinct from and independent of said mainboiler, and through and around which the flame and other products ofcombustion pass in a downward direction after they have passed throughsaid main boiler, chamber B above both of said boilers, drum 0,connected to said main boiler, and drum Oflconnected tosaid secondaryboiler, both of said drums being suspended in said chamber B an enginecomprising ahigh-pressure cylinder adapted to receive steam from ICCsaid drum 0 or boiler A, and one or more low-

